Qalabkayaga tuubada joogtada ah ee nooca Mareykanka ah ee buuxa waxaa loogu talagalay inay bixiyaan awood shaabadaysan oo deggan oo isku mid ah oo ku baahsan codsiyada tuubooyinka kala duwan. Iyada oo leh saddex qaabayn oo baaxad leh iyo saddex darajo oo agab ah oo la heli karo, taxanahani si aan kala go 'lahayn ayuu ula qabsanayaa tuubooyinka guud ee fudud ilaa nidaamyada dareeraha cadaadiska sare leh, taasoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad si sax ah ugu habboonaato qeexitaannada qabsashada deegaankaaga shaqada, heerka cadaadiska iyo miisaaniyadda mashruuca.
Si ka duwan sida caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo boolal-wadida dirxiga, qaab-dhismeedka joogtada ah ee wareega ayaa si toos ah u magdhaba ballaarinta kulaylka tuubada, isku-soo-ururinta iyo dejinta gaaska si tartiib tartiib ah, isagoo ilaalinaya shaabad adag oo joogto ah wareegyada adeegga dheer iyada oo aan dib-u-xoojin xilliyeed ah. Habka boolal-wadareedka saxda ah ee lagu farsameeyo dirxiga ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaya hagaajin siman oo sii kordheysa inta lagu jiro rakibidda, isagoo hubinaya ku habboonaan ammaan ah iyada oo aan la jarin ama waxyeello u geysan dusha sare ee tuubada.
Waxaan bixinaa saddex astaamood oo ballac ah oo caadi ah si ay ula jaanqaadaan dhexroorka tuubada kala duwan iyo shuruudaha culayska:
Ballaca 12.7mm:Ikhtiyaar caadi ah oo kharash-ool ah oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka yar yar ilaa kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah. Ku habboon khadadka kaabayaasha baabuurta, tuubooyinka guryaha, waraabka beeraha iyo wareejinta dareeraha warshadaha fudud, taasoo keenaysa waxqabad isku-xidhan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo xaaladaha cadaadiska hooseeya ilaa kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.
Ballaca 14.2mm:Ikhtiyaarka xoojinta shaqada dhexdhexaadka ah, oo dheellitiraya aagga isku-xidhka dusha sare iyo dabacsanaanta rakibidda. Waxaa lagu taliyay dhuumaha warshadaha ee cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah, nidaamyada HVAC-ga ganacsiga iyo tuubooyinka guud ee qalabka, iyagoo bixinaya awood haynta oo la cusboonaysiiyay iyada oo aan lahayn wax badan oo agab ah.
Ballaca 15.8mm:Ikhtiyaarka ballaaran ee shaqada culus ee loo sameeyay tuubooyinka dhexroorka weyn iyo xaaladaha wareegga sare iyo cadaadiska sare. Xarig bir ah oo ballaaran ayaa qaybiya xoogga isku dhejinta meel ballaaran oo xiriir ah, taasoo yaraynaysa khatarta dhaawaca tuubada iyo hagaajinta isku halaynta shaabadaynta khadadka haydarooliga, qalabka culus iyo tuubooyinka warshadaha ee baaxadda weyn.
Dhammaan qalabka waxaa loo sameeyay si waafaqsan dulqaad cabbir iyo waxqabad adag, iyadoo la raacayo hab-dhaqan joogto ah oo ku saabsan cabbir kasta iyo heerka agabka.
| Kala duwanaanshaha (mm) | Kala duwanaanshaha (dhexda) | Ballaca (mm) | Alaab |
| 11-20 | 7/16"-25/32" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 13-23 | 1/2"-29/32" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 14-27 | 9/16"-1 1/16" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 18-32 | 11/16"-1 1/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 21-38 | 13/16"-1 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 21-44 | 13/16"-1 3/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 25-45 | 1"1/3/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 27-51 | 1 1/16"-2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 32-54 | 1 1/4"-2 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 33-57 | 1 5/16"-2 1/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 40-64 | 1 9/16"-2 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 44-67 | 1 3/4"-2 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 46-70 | 1 13/16"-2 3/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 52-76 | 2 1/16"-3" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 57-79 | 2 1/4"-3 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 59-83 | 2 5/16"-3 1/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 65-89 | 2 9/16"-3 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 70-92 | 2 3/4"-3 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 71-95 | 2 13/16"-3 3/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 78-102 | 3 1/16"-4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 83-105 | 3 1/4"-4 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 84-108 | 3 5/16"-4 1/4" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 90-114 | 3 9/16"-4 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 95-117 | 3 3/4"-4 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 103-127 | 4 1/16"-5" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 108-130 | 4 1/4"-5 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 117-140 | 4 5/8"-5 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 121-143 | 4 3/4"-5 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 130-152 | 5 1/8"-6" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 133-156 | 5 1/4"-6 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 141-165 | 5 9/16"-6 1/2" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 146-168 | 5 3/4"-6 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 157-178 | 6 3/16"-7" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 159-181 | 6 1/4"-7 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 171-194 | 6 3/4"-7 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 184-206 | 7 1/4"-8 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 197-219 | 7 3/4"-8 5/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
| 210-232 | 8 1/4"-9 1/8" | 12.7/14.2/15.8 | SS201/SS304/SS316 |
Buug-yarahayaga caadiga ah wuxuu daboolayaa 38+ dhexroor oo leh calaamado mitir iyo imperial labadaba si loo fududeeyo iskutallaabta caalamiga ah. Dhammaan cabbirrada dhexroorku waxay la jaan qaadayaan ballaca kasta iyo ikhtiyaar kasta oo agab ah si loo kala horraysiiyo dabacsanaan iyo isku dhafan.
Si loo daboolo baahiyaha iska caabbinta daxalka ee kala duwan iyo qiimaha, taxanahan isku-xidhka ah waxaa laga heli karaa saddex qaacido oo bir ah oo aan daxal lahayn:
Bir aan miridh lahayn oo SS201 ah:Heer dhaqaaleed oo loogu talagalay deegaannada qalalan ee gudaha iyo warbaahinta aan daxalka lahayn. Ku habboon daadinta biyaha gudaha guud ahaan, rakibidda calaamadaha iyo codsiyada baahida yar leh ee leh qoyaan yar ama soo-gaadhista kiimikada.
Bir aan miridh lahayn oo SS304 ah:Heerka warshadaha caalamiga ah oo leh iska caabin dheellitiran oo daxalka iyo xoog farsamo. Si kalsooni leh ayuu ugu shaqeeyaa jawiga hawada ee bannaanka, nidaamyada biyaha ku salaysan iyo soo-gaadhista kiimikada fudud, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada caadiga ah ee baabuurta, khadadka kaabayaasha ee wax lagu karsado cuntada iyo inta badan rakibaadda warshadaha guud.
SBir aan miridh lahayn oo S316 ah:Heerka ugu sarreeya ee u adkaysta daxalka oo leh molybdenum lagu daray si loo kordhiyo iska caabbinta biyaha cusbada leh, kiimikooyinka adag iyo jawiga daxalka sare leh. Waa ikhtiyaarka la doorbido ee qalabka badda, farsamaynta kiimikada, wax soo saarka dawooyinka iyo codsiyada bannaanka ee xeebaha.
Qabsashada Isku-midka ah ee 360°:Qaab-dhismeedka joogtada ah ee wareegga ayaa cadaadis siman ku haya wareegga buuxa ee tuubada, taasoo meesha ka saaraysa farqiga cadaadiska ee sababa daadashada iyo ka hortagga xirashada tuubada ee dhicis ah ee ka timaadda meelaha cadaadiska ee maxalliga ah.
Iska caabinta Gariirka & Wareegga Kulaylka:Naqshadeynta is-magdhawga ah waxay haysaa awood isku-xidhan oo joogto ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo gariirka qalabka iyo isbeddelka heerkulka joogtada ah, taasoo yaraynaysa baahiyaha dayactirka ee rakibidda adag in la galo.
Rakibaadda siman, Sax ah:Boorka dirxiga ee si sax ah loo duubay wuxuu bixiyaa hagaajin siman oo aan lahayn wax carqaladeyn ah si loo adkeeyo si fiican, loo yareeyo waqtiga isu imaatinka iyo la yareeyo khaladaadka rakibidda.
Iswaafajinta Tilmaamaha Dabacsan: Macaamiishu waxay si xor ah isugu dari karaan baaxadda baaxadda iyo darajooyinka agabka shuruudaha mashruuca, iyada oo aan lahayn xadka ugu yar ee dalabka ee cabbirrada buugga caadiga ah.
Taxanahan isku-xidhka joogtada ah ee joogtada ah wuxuu u adeegaa warshado kala duwan iyo kiisaska rakibidda:
Baabuurta:Nidaamyada qaadashada hawada, tuubooyinka qaboojiyeyaasha, khadadka kaalmaynta shidaalka, isku xirka nidaamka qiiqa
Badda iyo Xeebaha:Nidaamyada tuubooyinka maraakiibta, khadadka dareeraha qalabka xeebta, tuubooyinka warshadda milixda
Waxsoosaarka Warshadaha:Dhuumaha wareejinta kiimikada, isku xirka qalabka habka, nidaamyada dheecaanka warshadaha
HVAC & Qaboojiyaha:Tuubooyinka nidaamka kulaylinta iyo qaboojinta, tuubooyinka qaboojiyaha, isku xirka tuubooyinka hawo-qaadashada
Cuntada iyo Cabitaanka:Qalabka farsamaynta khadadka kaabayaasha ah, tuubooyinka biyaha nadiifka ah (heerka SS316 ee aagagga nadaafadda)
Beeraha iyo Qurxinta Dhulka:Xidhiidhada nidaamka rusheeyaha, khadadka dareeraha qalabka beeraha, tuubooyinka aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo
Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha:Ku rakibidda calaamadaha taraafikada, hagaajinta tiirarka nalalka waddooyinka, rakibidda boorarka bannaanka
Marka laga soo tago buug-yaraha cabbirka caadiga ah, waxaan bixinaa adeegyo habayn buuxda oo loogu talagalay shuruudaha mashruuca aan caadiga ahayn:
Dhexroorka isku-xidhka gaarka ah si loogu habeeyo cabbirrada dibadda ee tuubada gaarka ah
Daawaynta dusha sare ee gaarka ah iyo ikhtiyaarrada calaamadaynta laysarka ee gaarka ah
Baakad gaar ah iyo calaamadayn gaar ah oo loogu talagalay la-hawlgalayaasha qaybinta
Wax soo saar badan oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda injineernimada ee baaxadda weyn leh oo leh xakameyn tayo adag leh
J: Tuubooyinka ka yar dhexroorka 30mm marka la isticmaalayo qalabka fudud, baaxadda 12.7mm ayaa badanaa ku filan. Tuubooyinka 30-80mm ee xaaladaha cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah, 14.2mm ayaa ah doorashada lagu taliyay. Tuubooyinka ka badan 80mm ama xaaladaha cadaadiska sare leh, qalabka ballaaran ee 15.8mm ayaa bixiya waxqabadka ugu fiican ee shaabadeynta iyo haynta.
A: Farqiga ugu muhiimsan waa iska caabbinta daxalka iyo kharashka. SS201 waa kan ugu dhaqaale badan isticmaalka gudaha ee qalalan, daxalka hooseeya. SS304 waa heerka warshadaha ee caadiga ah ee inta badan goobaha warshadaha ee dibadda iyo kuwa guud. SS316 wuxuu bixiyaa iska caabbinta daxalka ugu sarreeya, gaar ahaan biyaha cusbada leh iyo kiimikooyinka xooggan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon xaaladaha wax-soo-saarka badda iyo kiimikada.
J: Haa, dhammaan qalabkayaga caadiga ah waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cabbirrada milimitir iyo inji labadaba. Cabbirka cabbirkeenu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 11mm ilaa 232mm (7/16 inji ilaa 9 1/8 inji), si buuxda ayuu ula jaan qaadayaa heerarka cabbirka tuubada caalamiga ah.
J: Haa, waxaan taageernaa qeexitaanno si buuxda loo habeeyey oo loogu talagalay dalabaadka badan, oo ay ku jiraan ballaca aan caadiga ahayn, qaybaha walxaha isku dhafan iyo daaweynta waxqabadka gaarka ah. La xiriir kooxdayada farsamada faahfaahinta mashruucaaga si aad u hesho qiimeyn gaar ah.
J: Haa, naqshadda joogtada ah ee wareegga waxaa loo sameeyay si loogu magdhabo ballaarinta kulaylka iyo isku-soo-ururinta tuubooyinka inta lagu jiro wareegyada heerkulka, ilaalinta xoogga isku-xidhka deggan iyo ka hortagga daadashada ay keento isbeddelka heerkulka. Xaaladaha heerkulka aadka u sarreeya ama hooseeya, waxaan kugula talin karnaa heerka agabka ugu habboon.