TanQalabka tuubada Mareykanka ee 12.7mmsi sax ah ayaa loo farsameeyay si wax looga qabto caqabadaha ku saabsan xidhitaanka iyo xidhitaanka xaaladaha shaqada ee adag. Tiknoolajiyadda asaasiga ah waxay ku jirtaa qaadashada agabka adag iyo qaab-dhismeed gaar ah oo godad dhex mara. Naqshaddani waxay hubinaysaa qaybinta isku midka ah ee xoogga isku xidhka inta lagu jiro habka xidhitaanka, taasoo keentay in la gaaro xoog cadaadis aad u sarreeya iyo waxqabadka ka hortagga gariirka, iyo dammaanad qaadidda isku halaynta shaabadaynta muddada dheer.
| Alaab | W1 | W2 | W4 | W5 |
| Xarig-xidhka | Birta galvanized | 200ss/300ss | 300ss | 316 |
| Qolofka looxa ah | Birta galvanized | 200ss/300ss | 300ss | 316 |
| Borotiin | Birta galvanized | Birta galvanized | 300ss | 316 |
Faa'iidada qaab-dhismeedka waxaa lagu muujiyay guryaha isku-dhafan ee hal-qayb ah, kuwaas oo meesha ka saaraya meesha daciifka ah ee naqshadda kala-goynta dhaqameed, waxay u adkeysan kartaa wareegga sare waxayna ka hortagi kartaa isbeddelka, iyadoo hubinaysa ku-habboonaanta joogtada ah ee ammaan ah oo adag.
Marka la eego qaabaynta shaqaynta, badeecadu waxay bixisaa laba ikhtiyaar oo boolal xirfadeed ah: boolal caadi ah oo buuxiya baahiyaha guud iyo boolal ka-hortagga dib-u-soo-noqoshada oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay qalabka khatarta ugu jira gariirka joogtada ah, si wax ku ool ah uga hortagga dabacsanaanta iyo guuldarrada ay keento gariirka iyo bixinta dammaanado badbaado oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay nidaamyada muhiimka ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, oo ay weheliso kalsoonida lagu kalsoon yahay304 tuubo oo daloolsan, waxay samaysaa jaantus wax soo saar. Taxanahan wax soo saarka ah waxay si wadajir ah u bixiyaan xalal dhammaystiran oo isku xirka tuubooyinka oo u dhexeeya guud ahaan ilaa xirfadlayaal xaalado kala duwan oo codsiyo ah sida baabuurta, warshadaha, iyo nidaamyada waraabka.
| Faahfaahinta | Kala duwanaanshaha dhexroorka (mm) | Xuddunta Rakibaadda (Nm) | Alaab | Dhammaadka Dusha Sare | Ballaca (mm) | Dhumuc (mm) |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 14-27 | 14-27 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 18-32 | 18-32 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 21-38 | 21-38 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 21-44 | 21-44 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 27-51 | 27-51 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 33-57 | 33-57 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 40-63 | 40-63 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 46-70 | 46-70 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 52-76 | 52-76 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 59-82 | 59-82 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 65-89 | 65-89 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 72-95 | 72-95 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 78-101 | 78-101 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 84-108 | 84-108 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 91-114 | 91-114 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 105-127 | 105-127 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 118-140 | 118-140 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 130-152 | 130-152 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 141-165 | 141-165 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 155-178 | 155-178 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 175-197 | 175-197 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 194-216 | 194-216 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 213-235 | 213-235 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 232-254 | 232-254 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 251-273 | 251-273 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 270-292 | 270-292 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 289-311 | 289-311 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-100 | 0-100 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-150 | 0-150 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-200 | 0-200 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Dhammaan Birta 75-235 | 75-235 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-250 | 0-250 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-300 | 0-300 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-350 | 0-350 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-400 | 0-400 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-450 | 0-450 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-500 | 0-500 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-550 | 0-550 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 304 Birta oo Dhan 0-600 | 0-600 | 12Nm | Bir aan miridh lahayn oo 304 ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 14-27 | 14.27 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 18-32 | 18-32 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 21-38 | 21-38 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 21-44 | 21-44 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 27-51 | 27-51 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 33-57 | 33-57 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 40-63 | 40-63 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 46-70 | 46-70 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 52-76 | 52-76 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 59-82 | 59-82 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 65-89 | 65-89 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 72-95 | 72-95 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 78-101 | 78-101 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 84-108 | 84-108 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 91-114 | 91-114 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 105-127 | 105-127 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 118-140 | 118-140 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 130-152 | 130-152 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 141-165 | 141-165 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 155-178 | 155-178 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 175-197 | 175-197 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 194-216 | 194-216 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 213-235 | 213-235 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 232-254 | 232-254 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 251-273 | 251-273 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 270-292 | 270-292 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 289-311 | 289-311 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-100 | 0-100 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-150 | 0-150 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-200 | 0-200 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 75-235 | 75-235 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-250 | 0-250 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-300 | 0-300 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-350 | 0-350 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-400 | 0-400 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-450 | 0-450 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-500 | 0-500 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-550 | 0-550 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Dhammaan Birta 0-600 | 0-600 | 12Nm | 201 Dhammaan Birta | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 14-27 | 14-27 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 18-32 | 18-32 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 21-38 | 21-38 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 21-44 | 21-44 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 27-51 | 27-51 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 33-57 | 33-57 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 40-63 | 40-63 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 46-70 | 46-70 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 52-76 | 52-76 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-birta ah 59-82 | 59-82 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 65-89 | 65-89 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 72-95 | 72-95 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 78-101 | 78-101 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 84-108 | 84-108 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 91-114 | 91-114 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 105-127 | 105-127 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 118-140 | 118-140 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 130-152 | 130-152 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 141-165 | 141-165 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 155-178 | 155-178 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 175-197 | 175-197 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 194-216 | 194-216 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 213-235 | 213-235 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 232-254 | 232-254 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 251-273 | 251-273 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 270-292 | 270-292 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 289-311 | 289-311 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-100 | 0-100 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-150 | 0-150 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-200 | 0-200 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 75-235 | 75-235 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-250 | 0-250 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-300 | 0-300 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-350 | 0-350 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-400 | 0-400 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-450 | 0-450 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-500 | 0-500 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-550 | 0-550 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| 201 Bir nus-bir ah 0-600 | 0-600 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
| La habeyn karo | 1 | 12Nm | 201 Bir nus ah | Habka dhalaalinta | 12.7 | 0.65 |
Qalabka tuubada ee caadiga ah ee Mareykanka ayaa si adag u hoggaansama naqshad heer sare ah waxayna bixiyaan xalal waara oo la isku halleyn karo oo loogu talagalay shuruudaha kala duwan ee shaabadeynta iyo xidhitaanka. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda adag iyo agabka tayada sare leh waxay hubiyaan in badeecadu ay la qabsan karto xaaladaha shaqada ee adag oo ay had iyo jeer ilaaliso xiriir ammaan ah iyada oo aan daadanayn.
Qalabkani wuxuu qaataa naqshad aadamenimo leh, taasoo ka dhigaysa rakibidda iyo kala-furista mid fudud oo degdeg ah. Kala-duwanaanshaheeda cajiibka ah waxay ka dhigaysaa shay muhiim ah sanduuqa qalabka, oo awood u leh inuu maareeyo labadaba codsiyada xirfadeed ee warshadaha iyo mashaariicda DIY ee guriga. Waxaa xusid mudan inay sameyso isku-darka badeecadda ugu fiican304 tuubo oo daloolsan, si wadajir ah u buuxinaya shuruudaha isku xirka tuubooyinka xaaladaha kala duwan.
Marka la eego isku halaynta iyo waxqabadka, qalabka tuubada ee cabbirka caadiga ah ee Mareykanka ayaa ka soocan injineerintooda saxda ah iyo qaab-dhismeedkooda waara, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu habboon ee lagu hagaajin karo tuubooyinka, tuubooyinka iyo isku xirayaasha kale. Xulashooyinka boolal ee kala duwan iyo naqshadda aadanaha ayaa is dhammaystira, iyagoo bixinaya qiimo iyo dammaanad waxqabad oo heer sare ah oo loogu talagalay injineernimada xirfadeed iyo hawlaha qurxinta guriga.
Noocan ah qalabka isku xidhka tuubooyinka wuxuu leeyahay shaqooyin badan oo heer sare ah. Kuma habboona oo keliya tuubooyinka wareegsan laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu si adag u xiri karaa walxaha afargeeslaha ah. Naqshadiisu waxay hubinaysaa in isku-xidhka wareega ee isku midka ah, quful adag, iyo shaabad hufan iyo hagaajin ballaaran. Badeecadaha waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa meelaha muhiimka ah sida warshadaha baabuurta, mashiinnada cuntada, iyo mashiinnada kiimikada, waana doorasho ku habboon hubinta isku xirka badbaadada leh ee dhuumaha saliidda, biyaha iyo gaaska.